New research techniques have made it possible to engineer and explore differences in sets of chromosomes in organisms. This has been a technological revolution in the last decade. Enabling scientists to explore DNA to a new extent. During the process of this research it became clear that foreign DNA inserted into self-replicating genetic elements such as bacterial plasmids can replicate. This breakthrough also demonstrated that the plasmids used can also be used to modify the genetic constitution of other organisms (1). Through the process mentioned above there has been an increase in the methods in which DNA, reproductive and therapeutic cloning and the processes that occur for cloning to occur. DNA cloning occurs when DNA cell is replicated, an organism's DNA is taken and inserted into a vector also known as a plasmid. This self-replicating cell will then create copies of the DNA code. After being inserted into a DNA-suitable foreign host cell, the cell will then be reproduced. Reproductive cloning in some aspects of developmental stages is similar but is still completely different. Reproductive cloning is the type of cloning that has successfully created the most famous living clone. Dolly the sheep is famous because she was the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell. Dolly was born in 1996. Reproductive cloning uses the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer shown in Figure 1 below in which the nucleus of an adult cell is taken and inserted into a cell that has had its nucleus removed. Scientists use electrical currents or chemicals to stimulate the start of the cell division process and the embryo is then placed in a surrogate uterus where it will remain until it is… middle of paper… 7). NOVA. Retrieved from the Australian Academy of Sciences: http://www.science.org.au/nova/043/043act.htmlBiotechnology Australia. (2014, March 8). Retrieved from PUBLIC AWARENESS: http://www.innovation.gov.au/Industry/Nanotechnology/PublicAwarenessandEngagement/Documents/AusbioCloning2005.pdfFranciscan Media. (2014, March 8). Cloning. Retrieved from American Catholic: http://www.americancatholic.org/News/Cloning/Santa Clara. (2014, March 9). Santa Clara University. Retrieved from DOUBLE OR NOTHING: http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/submission/sterns/doublenothing.htmlGoldberg, D. (8, March 2014). Stem cell cloning. Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/stemcells/default.htmGonzales, A. (2014, March 10). The natural law. Retrieved from Cloning and the Catholic Church: http://www.roman-catholic.com/Roman/Articles/Cloning1.htm