Some of the problems that plagued the Portman Hotel in its inception include a lack of harmony among the workers, a lack of commitment on the part of some of the personal waiters, and a lack of discipline on the part of management. The following case study uses various theories to explain these issues. The harmony problem involving "floating" personal waiters can be explained using the fundamental attribution error theory. This happens when an individual or group's behavior is attributed too much to an internal factor, when in reality; an external factor is at play (classroom lesson, 9/21). It is where the actions of a person or group are associated with the "type" of person they might be, rather than associating the actions with an external source (fundamental attribution error). For example, floaters were considered unfair and negligent. They were accused of wasting time and stealing tips. They were seen as outsiders rather than members of the same group. However, in reality, they were just victims of their position. They were not afforded the luxury of building strong relationships and familiarity with colleagues or guests. The fact that their jobs required them to travel made them seem unstable. Furthermore, the floaters were an adaptation implemented by management. It was not their fault that the hotel's capacity was not full enough for the 5 star plan to function properly. One way to determine whether the source of the behavior is the situation rather than the individual's personality is to observe how all individuals behave in the same situation (fundamental attribution error). If all floaters behave the same way, perhaps the situation in which they find themselves is to blame. If the other personal valets and supervisors had viewed the floaters as someone sent to help rather than carry the entire load, they might have had a greater appreciation for all the things the floaters actually did. They could have been more willing to part with some suggestions. After all, despite being called "floating", they were still personal waiters. The next problem the hotel faced was the "shy" behavior attributed to some of the personal waiters. It can be explained using expectancy theory.