Greek mythology deals significantly with culture and its factors, as they describe societies and the people inhabiting them by describing their daily lives and status of their land. Both Hephaestus, in Homer's Iliad, and Odysseus, in Homer's Odyssey, set out to portray the cultures they saw, but the cultures and societies varied greatly, from Hephaestus illustrating the highly developed societies of the Greeks and their culture ; while on the other hand, Odysseus seems baffled by how underdeveloped the land and culture of the Cyclopes is. Hephaestus and Odysseus seem to have the same understanding of what is normal in a culture, in a society and in their factors; however, there is considerable variation among their accounts. In the 18th chapter of Homer's Iliad, we see the god forging Hephaestus "First of all he forged a huge and heavy shield, elaborating it" (Iliad 18.478) and on this shield, Hephaestus proceeds to describe the economic and political aspects of the culture he observed . Hephaestus began his portrait of the culture by introducing a city where weddings were celebrated at night; therefore, showing peace and prosperity within the city. However, it also shows the internal conflicts and workings of the justice system in the morning in the market square “where a quarrel had broken out and two men were arguing about blood money for a man who had been killed”. (Iliad 18.494) Here Hephaestus shows the relatively organized structure of the culture, since through the representation of the trial scene in the market Hephaestus has established the presence of a kind of laws on which the culture is based. Furthermore, the concept of “The two men rushed before these [the Elders], and took turns spe...... center of the paper ...... about navigation was clearly presented in the narrative of Odysseus' description , while Hephaestus does not mention the aspect of navigation and the use of ships for travel in the culture he described on the shield. All in all, both Hephaestus and Odysseus have the same principles and aspects in mind when describing the economic and political factors of culture. However, the shield of Hephaestus described a culture that had an orderly structure with laws as political support and agriculture as economic support, leading to the formation of a highly developed society. On the other hand, Odysseus is faced with a Cyclops culture that has the natural resources and potential to be highly developed, but due to the lack of a political (law) and economic base, such potential is not realized and the The culture and society of the Cyclopes are relatively primitive.