Nightmares are defined as repeated awakenings from the main sleep period or naps with detailed recall of extended, extremely frightening dreams, usually involving threats to survival, safety, or self-esteem. Awakenings generally occur during the second half of the sleep period, also known as the REM phase of sleep (Psych Central, 2013). Nightmares affect all ages, but children seem to have such dreams more often. Nightmare disorder should not be confused with night terrors, as they have a different effect on the dreamer. Night terrors are episodes of panic and confusion, with difficulty walking or becoming aware, and of which the sufferer has no memory (Kavanagh, 2010). The main difference between the two is that nightmares are vivid images, while night terrors are feelings or emotions that cannot be remembered. Also, as stated before, nightmares occur during the REM stage of sleep. In contrast, night terrors occur during non-REM sleep, which occurs within the first 3 to 4 hours of sleep. Although both nightmares and night terrors cause great distress to the individual, it is important to note that they are different disorders. There are signs/symptoms that an individual may exhibit that easily help identify a nightmare disorder. The most common sign is observed when an individual repeatedly awakens from sleep, during the second half of sleep. Upon awakening, the sufferer is usually quickly oriented and alert. Moaning, moving, talking, or fidgeting to indicate a potentially disturbing dream are also other possible signs of nightmare disorder (Regional Center, 2014). During night terrors, the dreamer has recurrent episodes of intense crying and fear during sleep, in most cases the individual has... middle of paper... has propensity for nightmares. The use of night lights and other strategies can reduce a child's anxiety levels at night. If nightmares are recurring, it may be helpful for parents to talk about the nightmare and imagine a less scary ending. For adults, behavioral approaches in treating nightmares have been successful and can lead to a short- and long-term reduction in nightmare frequency in more than 70% of patients. Such therapy requires only a few group or individual sessions with a psychologist or in a sleep medicine center (Pagel, 2000). Unlike other major disorders, nightmare disorder allows the individual to take personal steps to overcome the disorder before seeking professional help. For many, being able to self-treat the disorder gives them greater power and allows the individual to help others suffering from the same disorder.