Islamic caliphates worshiped the Quran which was a religious text which Islamic caliphates believe is a religious text from God. Throughout history religion has always been an important part of countries around the world. The world's first religions were founded hundreds of years ago, but they still play an important role in today's society. It is important to look at what religions were like in the past, especially in the Middle Ages, several centuries after the formation of the major religions, to find out why religions are still relevant in the present. Without uncovering the history behind past religion, we would never know how and why religious practice continues today. Both the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic Caliphates were two of the most powerful states of the time before 1450. In the Byzantine Empire most people followed a form of Christianity similar to today's Eastern Orthodox while in the Islamic Caliphates the dominant religion it was Islam. Understanding religion is a vital part of understanding