All work and no play makes Jack a boring guy. Fortunately, most of us are more mentally stable and don't have evil ghosts speaking to us like the character in Nicholson's film did. . Even if you were independently wealthy, you would still “work” or perform tasks to find personal meaning and utility. Jack is right that work can be boring. Work is defined as the external, objective set by the institution. Work is the response to work, it is internal, subjective and personal (Charns & Gittell 2006). Most jobs use a vertical division of labor. Healthcare, fast food, and manufacturing work are known to use this split. The vertical division is divided into management, direct work and support work. The direct work consists in working on the actual results of the measurements. It's the kind of job you imagine with the establishment in mind. Management is the context and objectives of the work performed. Support work is underarm work, not directly related to output, such as record keeping (Charns & Gittell 2006). In health care and some other professions, vertical division can lead to a lack of communication between those responsible for care, and those receiving care. For example, in nursing homes a nurse provides direct care and delivers a written report. The registered nurse will enter the data into the report. A nursing assistant might review or forget concerns that could turn into a major issue. Often the RN is responsible for the care and may face reprimands or worse. Horizontal division of labor divides tasks over time and other natural barriers (Charns & Gittell 2006). While a production chain-based support system would work well on paper, it too has weaknesses. When a patient receives dif… half of paper… Management: OrganizationalManagement and Behavior (5th ed.) Clifton Park, NY. Delmar Cengage LearningShibata, H. (2009). A comparison of the roles and responsibilities of manufacturing engineers in Japan and the United States. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(9), 1896-1913. Delp, L., Wallace, S. P., Geiger-Brown, J., & Muntaner, C. (2010). Work stress and job satisfaction: Home care workers in a direct-to-consumer care model. Health Services Research, 45(4), 922-940. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01112.xGittell, J. (2001). Duration of supervision, relational coordination, and flight departure performance: A reevaluation of postbureaucracy theory. Organization Science, 12(4), 468-483. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.Hannam, S.E. (1995) Portfolio: An alternative method of student and program evaluation. J Train Athl. October 1995;30(4):338-41.