Gluck states that there are many ethical principles that researchers must follow when conducting research on humans, but no document exists for primates. He says research in cognitive ethology and neuroscience suggests we underestimate the mental complexity and pain sensitivity of animals. However, if the subject is a human, researchers are much more cautious. Because of the failure to recognize animal suffrage, Gluck's thesis is that our moral universe changes. Primates experience pain similarly to humans. Human beings rely on ethical code of conduct during research. There is no ethical code of conduct for primates even though they experience pain just like humans; therefore, our moral universe changes. The conclusion, considering our moral change, is an inductive rather than a necessary leap