A. COPD and its symptoms Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious, common and advanced lung disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation that makes ventilation difficult. Patients present with extensive dyspnea, chronic cough, and excessive sputum production. The chronic airflow limitation inherent in COPD results from long-term inhalation of respiratory tract irritants, such as cigarette smoke, resulting in an abnormal inflammatory response in the tract. Inflammation causes contraction of bronchial smooth muscles leading to bronchoconstriction. This makes ventilation very difficult. When inflammation is not controlled, it develops further and causes structural alteration and narrowing of the airways and destruction of the lung tissue where gas exchange takes place (De SErres, 2002, p. 21). The term COPD is used to replace two conditions: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis is caused by inflammation and narrowing of the bronchi due to continued irritation of the epithelial lining of the airways. It is characterized by the presence of thick mucus which makes ventilation difficult. There is also a cough with the production of thick sputum for at least three months. Emphysema caused by extensive damage to the alveoli leading to the loss of their shape and elasticity which compromises their return mechanism during exhalation and/or destruction of the walls of the air sacs. There is no cure for COPD. However, treatments can help manage the disease. COPD symptoms do not initially appear overtly and are usually subtle. Because the condition initially progresses from a "phlegmy" cough or shortness of breath, most people cannot tell their primary care doctor, but treatment must...... middle of paper..... .pes and the function of quantitative imaging in the evaluation and reclassification of COPD. The combined COPD and emphysema study is expected to provide insights into systemic comorbidities, i.e., abnormalities in body composition and osteoporosis. A recent article was published by the Mayo Clinic that mindfulness has reduced the number of hospital admissions and also the number of hospitalizations. a patient can have as hospitalized. Approximately seventy percent of the cost of COPD is related to hospitalization and is typically common among adults. Mindfulness has origins in 2,500-year-old Buddhist traditions. The idea of ​​mindfulness is to become aware of every moment you do and pay attention to everything you perceive and feel. Hundreds of scientific studies have shown that the way we think can have a significant effect on our physical condition.