PSYCHOLOGICAL MODELS IN PROBLEM SOLVING BEHAVIOURISM Edward L. Thorndike is an American behaviorist. He is one of the first researchers who conducted research on problem solving. His thesis, Animal Intelligence; An experimental study of associative processes in animals, published in 1911, had been considered a major contribution to the field of psychology. Based on the results of the experiment in which he locked cats in a closed cage, he concluded that cats' ability to escape from a closed cage is due to trial-and-error learning. This is because the cats took a long time to escape from the cage despite having managed to escape from the cage in previous trials. Generally, it is safe to say that animals that display actions, behaviors, and skills that might initially be seen as funny, such as dancing monkeys, pianist dogs, and painter elephants, are unlikely to learn this through their insightful reflection. These animals learn this through vigorous training and will most likely be abused by their trainers to condition them to perform certain behaviors. However, Thorndike developed his law of effect after observing the escape behavior of cats during experiments. However, in the era of the 1920s and 1930s, Thorndike's theory and experiments were criticized by German psychologists known as Gestaltists. According to Gestaltists, Thorndike's experiments did not use a correct problem situation. From their perspective, the relationship between the cats' behavior that was hitting the post and the desired consequences that were opening the cage showed no concrete goal behind the problem selection. Eysenck and Keane (2005). To conclude, base...... half of the document ...... equipped with entire societies due to the difference in purpose must be created with the function that people need most. According to Greeno, (1974), although the General Problem Solver is better than humans at remembering what happened regarding a problem. It still falls short of the human due to the fact that it only focuses on a single move while humans often plan small sequences of moves. So, it means that humans are better than General Problem Solving in the area of ​​planning future moves. In 2002, Handley, Capon, Copp, and Harper found that individual differences in spatial working memory capacity predicted solving the Tower of Hanoi task, whereas verbal working memory capacity did not. This cannot even be predicted by Genearal Problem Solver which carries the meaning that it does not prioritize or care about individual differences in problem solving strategy and speed