In the early part of the 20th century, parent advocacy groups such as the Council for Exceptional Children and the National Association for Retarded Citizens worked to bring to public attention the needs of people with disabilities. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy created the President's Panel on Mental Retardation. The committee recommended changes to educational programs and providing states with federal funds to educate children with developmental disabilities. Many advocates have credited and praised President John F. Kennedy as one of the many pioneers of special education. Although advocates continued to fight for the rights of people with disabilities, students with disabilities were often denied access to public education and sent to special schools, kindergartens, or other facilities. While in most of these special schools, kindergartens and hospitals people with disabilities were often treated inhumanely, living in filthy facilities with little clothing, food, water or education. The quality of life of people with disabilities was extremely poor. Parents were often torn between wanting what was best for their child and family, as well as the high cost of residential treatment. Many families have entrusted the care and education of their children