IndexIntroductionBolman and DealNorthouseConclusionIntroductionShakespeare's Othello provides insight into the potential negative aspects of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory when the leader -follower becomes a group or coalition of conflicting interests due to competing objectives that may arise in a political framework. In Northouse's leadership theory and practice, Nahrang, Morgeson, and Ilies' 2009 LMX study “found that leaders seek followers who show enthusiasm and participation” while “followers seek leaders who are confident, cooperative, and helpful.” This relational dynamic can foster a high-quality relationship; however, if within the group exists within a political framework the different agendas seen between the characters of Othello, the general of the Venetian army and his ensign, Iago in Shakespeare's Othello can increase “political activity ” which according to Bolman and Deal “would erode organizational “credibility”. The overall goal in a policy framework is to ensure participation and collaboration; which allows alliances of varying power to form coalitions, however, “power can also be volatile, waxing and waning with changes in circumstances,” as seen in the competing actions of Othello and Iago. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Bolman and Deal Bolman and Deal's political framework is a system of "interdependence, divergent interests, and power relations that inevitably generate political activity" and "goals and decisions emerge from bargaining, negotiation, and the struggle for position among competing stakeholders.” Furthermore, in Reframing Organizations the authors Bolman and Deal suggest that in this framework members form groups called coalitions out of necessity rather than common interests and it is the nature of the different agendas and competing interests that “ involves political activity.” This relationship of necessity is illustrated in Shakespeare's Othello through the connection between Othello and Iago as they both serve in the Venetian army and are both considered outsiders within the social hierarchy of Venice dark, and Iago has a Spanish name that “also makes them strangers and outsiders” in Venetian society. It is these commonalities that potentially bind Othello and Iago together forming a leader-follower group relationship with Othello as the leader and Iago as his follower; however, political transgressions by both create political conflicts within their coalition. As a Moor, Othello ignores the “implied color lines” by marrying Desdemona, a “white Venetian daughter of an aristocrat”; while Iago's act of revenge through manipulation which convinces Othello to kill his wife because he believes she may be an adulteress "generates discontent within the army and results in the deaths of innocent citizens". Northhouse Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory focuses on the connections that occur between leaders and their followers through their relationship and more specifically identifies that these roles are interconnected through internal or external groups. Graen, emphasized that “membership in one group or another is based on how followers engage in expanding their role responsibilities to the leader.” Participation in the group by both the follower and the leader creates an enhanced experience for both as this “high-quality relationship” has the potential “to engage in more discretionary behaviors (“positive return”).” In Shakespeare's Othello the characters Othello and Iago"..