Cement is a mineralized tissue that covers the entire root surface of the teeth, which inserts into the alveolar sockets of the alveolar bone and functions as a tooth support device together with the main fibers periodontal and alveolar bone. Cementum is often referred to as a bone-like tissue. It is composed of approximately 50% organic components and another 50% inorganic components. However, cementum is significantly different from bone as it is avascular, does not undergo dynamic remodeling, and increases in thickness over the course of life. The cementum, which has the surface covering of mercatoblasts, has been classified into cellular and acellular cementum by the inclusion or non-inclusion of cementocytes. Generally, acellular cementum is thin and covers the cervical part of the root, while cellular cementum is thicker and covers the apical region of the root. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Cementoblasts are highly differentiated mesenchymal cells of the periodontal ligament (PDL) that build cement (Bosshardt, 2005). Disintegration of the Hertwig epithelial root sheath (HERS) into epithelial fragments during tooth root development allows ectomesenchymal cells of the dental follicle proper to contact the dentin surface, where they differentiate into mercatoblasts (Kim et al, 2009). Cementoblasts are responsible for the synthesis, deposition and mineralization of the cement matrix. Cementocytes are cementoblasts those trapped in their matrix during matrix deposition. Furthermore, mercatoblasts can also communicate with mercatoclasts to regulate cement resorption via mercatoclastogenesis. Therefore, centoblasts are important for cementum homeostasis (Oka et al, 2007). Fibrillar collagen is the major part of the organic component, cement contains two types of fibres, extrinsic (Sharkey's) fibers which are the embedded ends of the main fibers and intrinsic fibers which are fibers of actual cement. It is believed that extrinsic fibers are secreted by fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament and partly by mercatoblasts and that intrinsic fibers are secreted only by mercatoblasts. There are three main types of cement: Acellular extrinsic fiber cement (AEFC) contains densely packed extrinsic fibers and no cementocytes Intrinsic cellular fiber cement (CIFC) contains intrinsic fibers and cementocytes. Mixed stratified cellular cement (CMSC) contains intrinsic fibers, cementocytes, and densely packed extrinsic fibers. Since the main function of cement is the anchoring of the tooth together with the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. AEFC is the most suitable cement for supporting teeth. The function of the CIFC is that of adaptation, for example by reshaping the root surface during tooth movement and compensating for crown wear. The thickness of the CMSC parallels the masticatory stress loaded on the tooth to provide load absorption during chewing (Yamamoto et al, 2016). Other functions are in the reparative sense, in root fracture healing and in protecting the tooth from resorption and in limiting the movement of the tooth through the periodontal ligament (Jang et al, 2014). Please note: this is just an example. Get a custom article template now from our expert writers. Get a Custom Essay The most common pathology affecting cementum is orthodontic-induced root resorption, which causes loss of root cementum (Ramanathan and Hofman, 2006). Once the resorption process is finished, the mercatoblasts begin to, 1995).