Energy consumption is inevitable for human existence. There are various reasons for the search for an alternative fuel that is technically feasible, environmentally acceptable, economically competitive and readily available. The first major reason is the growing demand for fossil fuels in all aspects of human life, be it transportation, energy production, industrial processes and residential consumption. The need for fuel for electricity generation, vehicle operation and cooking is gradually increasing. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay Today, every country derives its energy needs from a variety of sources. Sources can be broadly classified into commercial and non-commercial. Commercial sources include fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), hydroelectric power, and nuclear energy, while non-commercial sources include wood, animal waste, and agricultural waste. In an industrialized country like the United States, most of the energy needs are met by commercial sources, while in a less industrially developed country like India, the use of commercial and non-commercial sources is approximately equal. (R. Rajasekaran, G. Vijayaraghavan, & Marimuthu, 2014) Following the oil crisis of the 1970s, countries looked to biofuels to replace the use of fossil fuels, including national programs for bioethanol production (Worldwatch 2007 ), while others (e.g., China, Kenya, and Zimbabwe) acted in response to the oil crisis but were unable to sustain biofuel production (Liu 2005; Karekezi et al. 2004). When oil prices fell again, the momentum for alternative fuels waned, except in Brazil. Current drivers of alternative energy supply include issues related to energy supply security, oil price volatility, climate change, production costs and more. (Govinda R&Zilberman, 2014). The production and use of bioethanol has spread to every corner of the globe. As concerns over oil supplies and global warming continue to grow, more and more nations are looking to bioethanol and renewable fuels as a way to counter oil dependence and environmental impacts. Global production reached a record high of nearly 23 billion gallons in 2010 and is expected to surpass 1,20,000 million by the end of 2020. While the United States became the world's largest producer of bioethanol fuel in 2010, Brazil remains in second place, and China, India, Thailand and other nations are rapidly expanding their domestic bioethanol industries. The increase in the production and use of bioethanol has also led to a growing international trade in the renewable fuel. Although the vast majority of bioethanol is consumed in the country where it is produced, some nations find it more profitable to export bioethanol to countries such as the United States and Japan. The increase in bioethanol trade around the world is helping to open up new markets for all sources of bioethanol. Sustainable bioethanol production requires well-planned and robust development programs to ensure that the many environmental, social and economic concerns related to its use are addressed. adequately. The key to making bioethanol competitive as an alternative fuel is the ability to produce it from low-cost biomass. Many countries around the worldare working intensely to develop new technologies for the production of bioethanol from biomass, of which the conversion of lignocellulosic materials appears to be the most promising. (Brajpai, 2013). The growing demand for bioethanol for various industrial purposes as an alternative source of energy, industrial solvents, detergents and preservatives has made it necessary to increase the production of this alcohol. Bioethanol production is usually achieved by chemical synthesis of petrochemical substrates and conversion of carbohydrates present in agricultural products. Due to the depletion of reserves and the competing industrial needs of petrochemical feedstocks, there is a global emphasis on the production of bioethanol by acid hydrolysis process. Increasing the yield of bioethanol production by acid hydrolysis depends on the use of the ideal acid and appropriate process technology. (Ali, 2011). However, concerns about the sustainability of biofuel feedstock production, in particular, the impacts on food supply, associated land use change and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, have alleviated some of the enthusiasm for biofuels. in recent years and could influence future demand. Controversies regarding increased biofuel production have gained prominence in recent years with rising food prices and the resulting global food crisis. With significant quantities of food crops turned to biofuel production, this was expected to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions due to the scale of transport sector energy consumption in most economies, but the conversion of forest land and pastures for the cultivation of raw materials for biofuels could release thanks to the substitution of oil more greenhouse gases will be reduced than biofuels. (Govinda R & Zilberman, 2014) In recent years, energy independence has become an important issue for most nations of the world. Each country has its own unique profile in terms of energy production, consumption and impact on the environment. (Kumar and Sani, 2018). Rising oil prices and uncertainty about the security of existing fossil fuel reserves, combined with concerns about global climate change, have created the need for new transportation fuels and bioproducts to replace carbon-based fossil resources. Bioethanol is considered the next generation transportation fuel with the greatest potential, and significant quantities of bioethanol are currently produced from agricultural waste through an acid hydrolysis process. The use of lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock is perceived as the next step towards a significant expansion of bioethanol production. Therefore, pretreatment is required to increase the surface accessibility of carbohydrate polymers. The purpose of the pretreatment process is to break down the structure of lignin and destroy the crystalline structure of cellulose, so that acids or enzymes can easily access and hydrolyze the cellulose. Pretreatment may be the most expensive step in the biomass-to-fuel conversion process, but it has great potential to improve efficiency and reduce costs through further research and development. (Bajpai, 2016) The last two decades have seen the extensive use of fossil fuels to meet the per capita energy demand which has sparked debate on the challenges related to: depletion of fossil fuel reserves, energy crisis in subsequent years, emissions of carbon and climate change. This has led to the use of cellulosic agricultural wastefor the production of biofuels. These lignocellulosic biomasses not only offer the potential to be ideal feedstock for liquid biofuels (bioethanol, butanol), but have enormous potential in the production of gaseous fuels and value-added products. Lignocellulose has become the “renewable gold” after the introduction of the “biorefinery” concept to handle renewable energy and production of value-added chemicals. (Kumar and Sani, 2018). Therefore, biomass can play an important role in the national economy based on bioproduction, producing a variety of biofuels and biochemicals currently derived from petroleum-based feedstocks. (Khanal, 2010) Energy is an indispensable component of humanity. Our modern society depends on energy for almost everything, from household appliances, to lighting, to transportation, to heating/cooling, to communications, to industrial processes to provide goods for our daily needs. We currently consume approximately 500 quadrillion Btu (QBtu) of energy, of which approximately 92% comes from non-renewable sources such as oil, coal, natural gas and nuclear. Historically, the price of crude oil has been very low (on the order of $20 a barrel in the 1980s and 1990s). Since the beginning of this century, crude oil prices have continued to rise and reached $141 per barrel in early July 2008. Dwindling reserves, in the face of rapidly increasing energy consumption, combined with a growing lack of energy security due to Regional conflicts and environmental destruction resulting from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions clearly suggest that we must act urgently and decisively to develop sustainable, clean, affordable and renewable energy sources. Fossil fuels contribute immensely to pollution and environmental degradation, as well as increasing greenhouse gas emissions leading to depletion of the ozone layer (Rabah et al., 2014). Biofuel is a renewable energy source and therefore can be used as an alternative to conventional fossil fuel. (Annika, Suryawanshi, Nair, & Patel, 2017). No one can dispute that fossil fuel supplies are limited, but what is uncertain is the size of the remaining reserves and how long they will last. Over the years, numerous estimates have been formulated based on current consumption, reserves and expected new sources. It is also clear that the supply of fossil fuels is limited, considering how it was produced, but the discussion is about how long supplies will last and the level of fossil fuel reserves. The world's dependence on a constant supply of energy means that whatever fossil fuel reserves are estimated, renewables must be introduced as quickly as possible. (Scragg, 2009) Excessive use of fossil resources causes global warming and depletes available crude oil. Humans have acquired the technology to consume and convert crude oil and derive a wide range of benefits, but this has also led to massive emissions of carbon dioxide into the environment. Unless our society shifts away from the consumption of crude oil and fossil fuels due to the cyclical use of renewable resources such as biomass, it is difficult to ensure the sustainability of human life. The conversion of biomass into biofuels, chemicals, energy and new materials is now vital to solving these problems. Bioethanol production plays a dominant role in the conversion system due to its high productivity and applicability as a liquid fuel and chemical resource. (Watanabe, 2013). Renewable energy derived from wind, solar (photovoltaic), geothermal, ocean energy(tidal), hydroelectric and biomass, can all contribute equally to our renewable energy portfolio. Although only 8% of our current energy consumption comes from renewable sources, there are enormous research and technological development efforts towards the development of numerous forms of renewable energy. Biofuel/bioenergy derived from biomass (lignocellulose) has received considerable attention lately and is considered a leading candidate for renewable energy generation, particularly for transportation and cooking fuel. (Khanal, 2008). The disadvantages of cooking fuels derived from fossil fuels (greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, resource depletion, unbalanced supply-demand ratios) are greatly reduced or even absent with biofuels for cooking. Of all biofuels, biobioethanol gel is already produced on a large scale. Produces fewer greenhouse gas emissions than fossil fuels (carbon dioxide is recycled from the atmosphere to produce biomass); it can replace harmful fuel additives (for example, methyl tertiary butyl ether) and creates jobs for farmers and refinery workers. (Brajpai, 2013). The depletion of fossil fuel reserves, the excessive dependence of developing countries on fossil fuels to meet growing daily demand, global climate change due to increasing carbon emissions have forced countries to take significant steps towards the use of renewable bioresources for their sustainable development. The trileme of E (Energy, Environment and Economy) leads the global scientific community to develop policies to move from the fossil-based economy to the bio-based economy, which is initiated as Biorefinery. Biorefineries integrate ecological products and more efficient technologies to reduce the rate of harmful emissions that contribute to worsening environmental conditions. Although renewable lignocellulosic biomass generated via photosynthesis has the inherent potential to meet growing energy demands, there are technological challenges associated with the structural complexity of lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. (Kumar & Sani, 2018). One of the main reasons for using bioethanol is to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Greenhouse gases are gases that impair the Earth's ability to radiate heat energy into space. Bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic materials via saccharification and fermentation processes has been reported to have much lower life cycle fossil energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions than conventional petroleum-derived fuel (Sheehan et al. 2003; Wang 2005; Larsen et al. 2009). For cellulosic bioethanol gel, it is estimated that greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by approximately 85% for E10 and E85. (Watanabe, 2013) The development of sustainable energy systems based on renewable biomass is now a global effort. Biofuels produced from various lignocellulosic materials, such as wood, agricultural or forestry residues, have the potential to be a viable substitute for fossil fuels. Bioethanol gel produces slightly lower greenhouse gas emissions than fossil cooking fuels (carbon dioxide is recycled from the atmosphere to produce biomass); it can replace harmful fuel additives (e.g., methyl-tert-butyl ether) and creates jobs for farmers and refinery workers (Bajpai, 2016). Bioethanol as an alternative fuel to replace fossil fuel-based fuel has attracted international interest due to the growing demand for energy resources (R.Rajasekaran, G.Vijayaraghavan and Marimuthu, 2014). Burns up to 75% cleaner than, 2007).