One of the results of the fall of Rome is the lack of culture and the establishment of feudalism. Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne king because he protected him from Rome's enemies. The Vikings were strong, intelligent and could conquer places easily. Some examples of medieval technology are gunpowder, the invention of vertical windmills, spectacles, mechanical clocks, and greatly improved watermills and construction techniques. The government used in medieval Europe was a monarchy. Their power was given to them by the Constitution. They were expected to maintain order and provide protection to their vassals. In much of medieval Europe, society was organized in a feudal system, based on the assignment of land in exchange for services to the king. Most future knights worked as squires for five or six years. If a squire proved his courage and skill in battle, he would become a knight at the age of twenty-one. He earned his knighthood during a dubbing ceremony. Chivalry, or code of chivalry, is an informal and variable code of conduct developed between 1170 and 1220, never decided or summarized in a single document, associated with the medieval institution of knighthood; the behaviors of knights and gentle women were regulated by social codes. A monastery is a building or complex of buildings that includes the domestic living quarters and places of work of monks, monks or nuns, whether they live in community or alone. Baptism, Eucharist, Confirmation, Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Marriage and Holy Orders. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay During the early Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church organized itself into an elaborate hierarchy with the Pope as its head in Western Europe. Establishes supreme power. Medieval festivals honored Jesus or stories from the Bible. The clergy in the Middle Ages were exempt from paying taxes because they provided services to their parishioners and also provided spiritual satisfaction and care. A pilgrimage is a journey or search for moral or spiritual meaning. A monk is a person who practices religious asceticism in monastic living, alone or with any number of other monks. A nun is a member of a religious community of women, who typically live under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience within the precincts of a monastery. The main objective of the Crusades was to reconquer the Holy Land from the Muslims. The university was born in the early Middle Ages. The university, which developed and matured in the midst of Catholic Europe, was a new phenomenon in European history. The Roman Empire had encouraged the building of cities, but the German barbarians refused to live in confinement. When they invaded the empire they settled on the land and later built manors, castles and villages. The purpose of guilds in the Middle Ages was originally based on the protection of guild members, but consumers also benefited from the introduction of guilds. The royal charter was a document issued by a monarch as a letters patent, granting a right or power to an individual or legal entity. One result of medieval cities being so dirty is that people throw rubbish out of windows. Women held the positions of wife, mother, farmer, artisan, and nun, as well as some important leadership roles, such as abbess or queen regnant. Jews could not own any land, were targets of crime, and were portrayed by Christians, but could be bankers or loan sharks. The English plea lists contain no cases of trial by ordeal after 1219, when Henry III.