Hard climatic conditions, no food and hard work; all these aspects symbolize the daily life of a prisoner inside the Gulag. The horrible treatment of prisoners is very well documented in many prison novels. However, the way conditions are described can vary from novel to novel, depending on the author's purpose. Some authors prefer to exaggerate the horrors faced by prisoners to arouse reader outrage, while others prefer to describe them more subtly to achieve a similar goal. Alexander Solzhenitsyn evokes emotion through the use of understatement. In One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, Solzhenitsyn uses the literary technique of understatement to highlight the extent to which dehumanization is present in the Gulag. From the beginning of the novel to the end, the physical setting of the Gulag and its harsh climatic implications are understated. The first description of the weather appears when the prisoners can barely hear the morning alarm clock because it fails to "penetrate the window panes on which lies the frost two fingers thick." The frost on the window panes represents the real cold that the zeks face on a daily basis. The author's casual mention of the thickness of two fingers of frost may be a symbolic representation of how prisoners in the Gulag are accustomed to this type of climate. The full extent of the cold could be felt when Shukhov went to the steppe, where “the bare white snow stretched to the horizon, to the left, to the right, and not a single tree was seen on the entire expanse of the steppe. " (p. 39) The barren land indicates the desolate and inescapable environment in which the zeks live. The euphemism present in this example indicates the harsh reality of the situation. Due to the harsh climatic conditions, the prisoners need a form of distraction to survive, which comes in the form of work, “most depends on the employment relationship than on the work itself,” as it provides zeks with extra food (p. 59). in this section, because the six ounces of bread that the prisoners receive would not be considered substantial outside of the gulag, but they still have meaning for the prisoners. However, for them, the extra grams could mean their survival of work done by the prisoners for the insignificant amount of food describes the dehumanization present in the novel Although the amount of food may be less than normal, it is the force that drives the prisoners to achieve more. For example, when prisoners receive a bowl of soup, they consider it “dearer than freedom, dearer than life itself, past, present, and future” (126). This highlights the number of atrocities suffered by the prisoners, as the narrator compares food, including food deprivation, to that of freedom. It gives them a reason to work, something to fight for, and the ability to survive. This use of euphemism creates the sense that a measly bowl of soup becomes the only thing that matters in the eyes of the Zeks. This measure of dehumanizing prisoners brings them to the point that little can mean so much in relation to their survival. Many of the men in the Gulag are innocent and have committed no real crimes, yet the Gulag dehumanizes them to the point that the innocent cannot be distinguished from the guilty. Men who already struggle to understand why they are in the Gulag must adapt to being treated in the same way that even a true criminal would find inhumane. Buinovsky criticizes the guards, saying that "they do not behave like Soviet people... they do not behave like communists" (p. 34). According to Buinovksy, the prison guards aregoing against the communist code and completely mistreat the prisoners through their absurd rules and regulations. His criticism of the prison guards as “bad” communists creates understatement and a sense of irony. Buinovsky expresses the way communists should behave, even though the communists sentenced him to the Gulag in the first place. Criticizing the guards by calling them terrible communists is an understatement because in reality they should be criticized for the lack of a moral code and for being unjust. In describing the experience that one of Shukhov's team members faces, Solzhenitsyn simply states that “he was captured; he fled and was then recaptured” (p. 49). The zeks are dehumanized even though many of them do not belong to the Gulag as they were arrested for trivial reasons. Solzhenitsyn attempts to downplay the dehumanization present, dismissing the capture as if it were unimportant, and showcasing it almost as if it were a coherent event. The innocent men trapped in the Gulag are there through no fault of their own, making it seem like the constant fear of prison is a norm in this society. The ending of the novel gives the reader an idea of the true value of understatement in the novel. After the day passes and Shukhov remembers what happened during the day, he realizes that "today was almost a happy day." (p. 167). This statement has a lasting effect on the way the novel can be interpreted, because the day starts badly when Shukhov is punished for staying in bed, forced to clean the floors of the guardhouse, then he and his team go to a construction site to work in the fierce cold. At this point, the single day would seem like anything but a good day; as a result of the use of euphemism to emphasize the difficulties the zeks face. However, Solzhenitsyn's eventual use of euphemism has the same effect on a larger scale. It shows the idea that these prisoners have experienced such constant hardship and injustice that the day they survive can be considered good, Shukhov manages to do his job well, which gives him a sense of dignity in a society where most of individual characteristics are he stripped away and also feels more spiritually connected after the conversation with Alyoshka. This also interacts with the role of time in the novel, which is understated when Shukhov concludes by stating how many days remain in his sentence. He makes this statement so bluntly that it seems bearable, but in reality it is almost impossible to survive considering that a "good" day is one in which he receives a small amount of extra food. Shukhov's sense of time is almost distorted from reality, due to the inhuman conditions in which he has lived for years. Work seems to be the main factor in determining how the day shaped his reaction. It's the effect of work that makes the day go by so quickly. The sober and ambiguous ending enhances the irony and sobriety of the situation. After waking up sick, Shukhov is punished for not getting out of bed in time and was treated badly. Combine these situations with constant hard work and harsh climatic conditions, and this evokes the feeling of the terrible day that Shukhov is experiencing. However, Shukhov's insistence that this was a good day evokes speculation about what a bad day would be like. His mistreatment by the Gulag prison guards paints the image of a suffering man, who has no escape route. However, the word “almost” changes the definition of the statement. Shukhov's "almost" could range from horrible to acceptable, a notable difference. Solzhenitsyn's use of “almost” leaves it up to the reader's mind to interpret whether the mood
tags