IndexCharacteristics of textism1. Typographic symbols and emoticonsLetters and numbers HomophonesContractions, shortening and clippingInitials and acronymsAbbreviationsRepetitionsStyling accents and unconventional spellingWhy young people frequently use SMSInfluence of SMS on students' spelling skillsPositive influenceNegative influenceNo influenceTechnologies such as mobile phones and the Internet have changed people's lives and English language. Due to the invention of these technologies, the way and style of communication has also changed. Now people are able to use quick means of communication in the form of text messages. Now teenagers prefer to use SMS as a mode of communication with their friends. Text messages are used as a means of communication for cell phone users. It is made up of letters, numbers and symbols. Friedhelm Hillebrand and Bernard Ghilebaert developed this concept in 1984. Neil Popworth sent the first "Merry Christmas" text message to his friend Richard Jarvis in 1992 at the Sema Telecom group. At that time there was no keyboard on cell phones, so he typed the message on the PC and sent it to his friend Vodafone. On one hand service providers are used to send text messages while on the other hand the Internet is used to send instant messages. These are the two different modes of communication of adults. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Whatsapp, Viber, Facebook, Messenger and Web chat are included in instant messages. Most people use cell phones to send messages since they do not have access to the Internet. SMS and call packages across networks have made it easy to contact other people. Not only rich people but also lower communities use this technology. It is not wrong to say that with the advent of technologies such as mobile phones, a new form of language appears, the language of SMS. SMS is the latest mode of communication. In SMS language people use abbreviations and graphics to convey messages and it is different from the formal style of writing. Most teenage students use this language to communicate. As a result, a new language, identity and discourse emerge. In Pakistan the usage of mobile phones is increasing day by day. According to Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) in October 2011, around 65% of teenagers use mobile phones. In June 2011 it was 64.8%. Texting removes shyness, so most people like texting instead of face-to-face conversations. Due to the large number of low-cost SMS packages across all networks, SMS has become popular among young students. Mobile users write the message in short form to save time. To convey meaning, words and phrases are used along with symbols in the SMS language. SMS language is increasing day by day, researchers are working on the impacts of SMS language on students' writing skills. Characteristics of textism Due to texting, the English language has been changed. Textual language is different from conventional language. There are some characteristics in which text language is different from conventional language. Some of the main features of the SMS language are described below:1. Typographic symbols and emoticonsTypographic symbols are single or multiple letters that symbolize the entire word. For example, "zzz" means drowsy, sleepy andtiredness. To emphasize something you use more punctuation marks like!!! AND???. Emoticons are the type of representation that sends an emotion in the form of a facial expression like 🙂 for smiling. Homophone Letters and NumbersThe combination of letters and numbers is used to represent a whole word associated with the pronunciation of a word. For example, cu l8r and w8.Contractions, Shortening andClippingContraction is the lack of the middle vowel sound. For example, txt for text and hmwrk for homework. The abbreviation of words is the omission of letters. It is commonly used to write month and day. For example, Feb for February and sun for Sunday. Clipping is the absence of the final letter in a word. For example, wil for will and hav for have. Initialism and Acronyms Initialism is the use of the first letter of a word to represent the entire world. For example, OMG is used to represent oh my god and bf for boyfriend. In acronyms, the first letter of a word symbolizes the entire word. For example, NATO (National Atlantic Treaty Organization) and NAB (National Accountancy Bureau). Abbreviations The abbreviated form of a word is used to represent the whole word. For example, Dr. is used for doctor and msg is used for message. CPU is short for central processing unit. RepetitionStretching and repeating the same letters are used for emphasis such as "sooo" and "yesss". Repeating the same letter in a sentence shows that something is very important.Stylization of accent and unconventional spellingOn the one hand, stylization of accent is the youth code in which words are written according to regional speech. For example, I want to want and I want to go. On the other hand, unconventional spelling is not the conventional spelling of the word, rather people create their own spelling. SMS language is widely used among teenagers. There are two types of textism; Linguistic textism and contextual textism. On the one hand, acronyms, lowercase letters, omitted apostrophe and word abbreviations are included in linguistic textism. Words like can't, do not and will not have an apostrophe in texting language. The abbreviation of words is the omission of vowels, such as 'tht' is used for this and 'u' is for you. While on the other side, contextual textism is the use of smiley faces and capital letters. Teenagers not only use shortened words, but also unconventional spellings such as fone is used instead of phone. The short syntactic and lexical form is used in SMS language. Why Young People Frequently Use SMS With the advent of SMS, a new language was introduced. Since this language is different from formal writing, people must pay special attention to understand it. Different types of abbreviations and symbols are used in this language. This language is only implied between senders and recipients. Text messaging is one way young people can contact their friends. It keeps people connected with their loved ones. Texting is the easiest way to give shape to our emotions. It is better for people who are not confident enough to express their feelings face to face. Most teenagers use this mode of communication to resolve issues, issues and problems. SMS language is used for a variety of reasons. To save time, people use shortcuts as the SMS language conveys the message in a short amount of time. It is not wrong to say that SMS language is important to save time and money. At the moment, this style of writing is considered a "modern" and "stylized" way of writing. The languageSMS is a quick way for people to share information in a very short period of time. It does not require any sentence structure and grammar of any language. The lives of young generations have been profoundly influenced by SMS. Nikirk calls the young generation the “millennial generation.” Young generations consider social media such as Facebook and texting as an essential part of social life. According to the article published by the Center for Innovation Public Health Research 2015, three-quarters of adolescents aged 12 to 17 have their own cell phone. Boys send fewer messages than girls. Girls send 3952 SMS per month while boys send 2815 SMS per month. SMS is basically the medium of transmitting messages because of the unlimited message packages, texting becomes a part of teenagers' life. Now teenagers send countless messages to their friends. Teens are so addicted to texting that they even text during class, when brushing their teeth, when eating, and even in the cafeteria. Also keep your phone close to you while you sleep. A study conducted in the UK shows that 80% of people under 25 and 14% over 55 prefer texting instead of calling. This indicates that not only adults but also the elderly use this mode of communication. SMS language is also used within the office to contact workers. With the passage of time SMS is gaining popularity. Influence of SMS on Students' Spelling Skills There are positive and negative influences of SMS language on students' spelling skills. "The Globe and the Mail" published an article titled "Texting Helps Teens' Grammar" describing the positive influence of texting. Another titled “SMS, Twitter Contribute to Students' Poor Grammar Skills” which describes the negative influence of SMS on students' grammatical skills. Positive influence Message language such as emoticons and symbols does not destroy language, rather it increases students' creativity. Texting is beneficial for students because it makes them engage in writing. Young students use mobile phones to improve spelling as it allows students to express their ideas and thoughts freely. It is invaluable in developing spelling. Crystal says, “The more you write, the better your literacy score will be.” He views textism as a blessing and opposes the negative impacts of textism on students' writing skills. SMS language enhances students' creativity. During texting students are in a constant state, thinking and writing. As a result, it increases phonetic awareness among children. Negative Influence Texting negatively affected students' writing ability. Therefore, some parents and educators believe it can put a student's writing skills at risk. Oxely states that "SMS is a more relaxed and conversational version of the English language with infrequent use of grammar, greater use of abbreviations and emoticons" and teenagers use this language in their writing skills. Dependence on the language of the text has negative effects on a student's writing skills. Regular use of SMS language leads to poor student grades. SMS language is an obstacle in formal communication and writing. John characterizes those who write messages as "Vandals who are trying to do to the tongue what Genghis Khan did to his neighbors eight hundred years ago." It is destroying formal punctuation, spelling and vocabulary. Due to the increasing use of. ”