Iraq was once the cradle of civilization, where cities were the first to develop. They invented, among other things, aqueducts, the plow, the first laws, the wheel and writing. It began with the Mesopotamian leaders, Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar. Like other countries in the area, it is rich in oil reserves. Iraq should now be a wealthy and growing nation, but it has been worn and torn by generations of war and, because of this, around 4 million Iraqis have had to flee their homes and are facing enormous challenges and conflict . plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay Iraq is located in Asia and borders Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Türkiye. Iraq's climate is characterized by mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers. In the plains they only have 2 seasons: summer and winter. Iraq has some rainy days but is mostly dry. The geography of Iraq is characterized by deserts, mountains and plains. Although it is home to the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, it is largely desert. Iraq is governed by one government. Adil Abdul-Mahdi, who recently resigned as president, was elected by a Council of Representatives. The new parliamentary process was established and people were able to vote for the first time in the 2005 elections. Approximately 39.3 million people live in Iraq, mostly Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen. The official language of Iraq is Kurdish and the main religion is Islam with approximately 1% Christians. Iraq has the fifth largest oil reserves in the world and is the seventh largest producer and is also a major producer of fruits and nuts such as dates. Some types of jobs in Iraq are managers, housekeepers, chefs and civil engineers. There are many more jobs than just these four. Conflicts in Iraq over the last 40 years have been: the Iraq War (1980-1988), the invasion of Kuwait (1990), the Gulf War (1991), the Iraq War (US invasion) 2003-2011 and the civil war in Iraq 2014-2017. For the most part, the turmoil in Iraq is political. Focusing on more recent conflicts, the Iraq War was caused because the United States thought Iraq had weapons of mass destruction (WMD). This started a war in 2003 that ended in 2011. Subsequently, the civil war in Iraq was caused by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). ISIS is a militant terrorist group. It was started in 2004, when Iraq formed its government after the end of the Iraq War. ISIS is known to be responsible for hundreds of terrorist attacks. They also destroyed priceless monuments and works of art. The conflict has also had a huge effect on education. This has become a huge challenge for the country. The literacy level in Iraq was originally 75% and now, due to the war, it has only dropped to about 50% over the last twenty years. Compare that to America, with a 99% literacy level. This is mainly due to the fact that in the last year alone around 600,000 children have missed a year of school. When I missed a week of school, I had a lot of homework. I can't imagine how difficult it would be to catch up on an entire year's worth of homework. This is also partly due to the fact that the illiteracy rate for girls aged 12 and over is more than double the rate for boys. This is because many girls are not allowed to go to school. Schools are like small rooms with chairs and desks and a small blackboard for the teacher to write on. Two children must sit on the desks at a time. It is important to note that there are currently two different types of refugee crises in Iraq. First, the refugee crisis fromwar in Iraq in 2003 and then by the Iraqi civil war in 2014. Most refugees from the Iraq war have fled to neighboring countries such as Turkey, Syria, Iran, Jordan and Lebanon. Most refugees fleeing ISIS have fled to the Kurdish areas of Iraq and Syria. A terrifying fact is that in total around 4 million have had to leave their homes. They mostly traveled on foot or by truck with all the necessary precious items. All they could carry with them was all they could carry. Around 700,000 Iraqis are still in refugee camps. This is a huge number of people. Very few people in Iraq have enough money to leave the country. The people who can leave, waste all their money, and then in their new country they have nothing and don't even speak the local language. Even though many of these people are educated and have good jobs, in all the fields they go into, they cannot legally work for their families to earn money to live the life they want. Many people in refugee camps don't. They don't have access to doctors and medicines, unlike us. Imagine how many children are on the brink of death because they do not receive vaccinations. In the camps they have no pipes, clean running water and they are very cold in the winter and very hot in the summer. The problem with not having plumbing is that there are no flush toilets or running water. Most of the refugees live in tent cities, but some have built permanent homes because they have been there for a long time. An example of the situation of some Iraqi refugees are those who helped the United States in Iraq by working as translators and guides during the Iraq War. . These people risked their lives and the safety of their families by helping American troops. They worked closely with American soldiers, often assigned to units for long periods of time sharing experiences and dangers. They were promised safety and refuge in America once the war was over. After the Americans left, these people and their families were targeted as traitors by some Iraqis and ISIS. Unfortunately, many have been killed or tortured, and thousands of others are still waiting to be able to live in the United States, where they have thus far been denied entry. The Iraqi refugee crisis is still ongoing with many millions of people in great need. Many international humanitarian groups are helping Iraqi refugees. UNHCR, the American Red Cross and the Red Crescent are helping refugees from Iraq. They are helping by providing food, water, healthcare, hygiene products (soap or cleaning products), clothes (shoes), baby items and shelter. The money from oil production was supposed to be used to rebuild Iraq and improve the lives of its citizens. all its citizens, but instead it was stolen and misused due to corruption and used to finance terrorism. Experts estimate that rebuilding Iraq will cost about $88 billion. The UN estimates that 99% of all Iraqi money comes from oil. Every day Iraq produces almost 5 million barrels of oil. Each barrel is worth about $60, so Iraq earns about $300 million in oil revenue every day. With all this oil money, Iraq could easily rebuild itself and be a rich and thriving country. The country of Iraq has been, and still is, plagued by war and hardship. In this country, which was once the cradle of human civilization, more than 2 million hopeless Iraqi refugees now live. When they should be rich and happy, but they aren't. Iraq has had over 40 years of conflict which has caused great hardship to.