Raynaud's disease is caused by episodic vasospasms (attacks) of the peripheral arteries during changes in cold or stress (Carrasco 2008). The hands and feet become bluish/purple due to lack of circulation making the limbs feel cold. Vasodilation will occur rapidly and cause a sensation of heat and pain in the extremities (Carrasco 2008). Nonpharmaceutical treatments for Raynaud's disease include acupuncture, massage therapy, and nitric oxide, which test for duration (Appiah 1997, Tucker 1999, Walton 2007). Massage therapy and nitric oxide have been shown to decrease durability, but acupuncture has not (Appiah 1997, Tucker 1999, Walton 2007). Massage therapy is used to treat Raynaud's disease by treating the fascial tissue of the affected and surrounding areas (Walton 2007). The tension is caused by chronic conditions or stress that cause a decrease in the flexibility of the fascia, resulting in limited blood flow to the limbs. Any restriction in one area of ​​the fascia can impede blood flow to other regions. Walton et al. (2007) used massage therapy in a six-week study on a patient with Raynaud's disease. This study was conducted in the winter months, when the effects of Raynaud's disease are at their peak (Walton 2007). Data on daily habits were acquired for three weeks for post-therapy comparison. The patient then received five 45-minute massage therapy treatments over three weeks. The massages focused on the fascia of the arms, neck and back. Massage therapy has been found to reduce the duration of vasospasms and pain (Walton 2007). Nitric oxide and massage therapy are both non-pharmaceutical treatments that limit the duration of Raynaud's disease (Tucker 1999, Walton 2007). Tucker et al. (1999) 20 subjects participated in a winter...... half of the article ...... on vasospasms. Works Cited Appiah R, Hiller S, Caspary L, Alexander K, Creutzig A. 1997. Treatment of primary Raynaud's syndrome with traditional Chinese acupuncture. Journal of Internal Medicine. 241:119-124. Carrasco et al. 2008. Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. Autism Reviews. 8:62-68.Mahler F, Saner H, Wurbel H, Flammer J. 1989. Local cooling test for clinical capillaroscopy in Raynaud's phenomenon, unstable angina and vasospastic visual disturbances. Vasa 18:201-204.Tucker A, Pearson R, Cooke E, Benjamin N. 1999. Effect of the nitric oxide generating system on microcirculatory blood flow in the skin of patients with severe Raynaud's syndrome: a randomized trial. Science 354(1):1670-1675.Walton A. 2007. Effectiveness of myofascial release techniques in the treatment of primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Journal of body and movement therapy. 12:274-280.