A brief description of the companies and people involved in the legal violations. Among the companies hit by this insider trading round was International Business Machines (IBM). IBM has a rich corporate history dating back more than 100 years. International Business Machines (2008) states that the current company was founded in 1911, with the merger of three 19th-century companies: the Tabifying Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, and the Computing Scale Company of America; to form the Calculation-Tabulation-Recording Society. Subsequently, in 1914 Thomas J. Watson Sr. joined the company, which was renamed International Business Machines in 1924 (p. 3). In 1936, IBM supplied equipment to the federal government in support of the Social Security Act. (p. 10). IBM had to shut down its international operations during World War II, but that capacity was used for wartime production (P. 15). Not long after the war, in 1949, IBM promoted diversity, philanthropy, and began to focus on recruiting minorities, women, and the disabled (p. 15). In 1952, Thomas Watson Jr. became president, focusing on electronic information technologies and codifying culture and unwritten norms into rules and programs (p. 29). In the 1960s, Watson Jr., to stay ahead of the competition, made a “bet the company” move in all-around mainframe computer systems, and achieved enormous success (p. 47). Throughout the 1970s, IBM continued with mainframe computers and developed the first personal computers in the 1980s (P. 61). In the 1990s and 2000s, IBM begins to focus on new growth opportunities in services and software (International Business Machines, 2008, P. 73). Other notable companies affected include: Galleon Group LLC and New Castle Funds LLC. In January 1997, after spending 11 years working at Needham & Company analyzing the technology and healthcare industries, Raj Rajaratnam founded Galleon Group (Bernheim, April 1997). According to Rajaratnam, the Galleon fund produced exceptional returns throughout the 1990s tech boom, with the firm's flagship hedge fund growing 93% in 1999 (2013). Once the tech bubble ended, Galleon's funds did not suffer losses like many other funds according to Berenson (November 2009). Additionally, Galleon didn't experience a down year until 2008 (November 2009). After Rajaratnam's arrest in October 2009, according to Pulliam and Zuckerman, Galleon saw a huge increase in withdrawal requests, amounting to $1.3 billion out of just $3.7 billion under management (October 2009)..