Topic > Late Antiquity: The Collapse of the Roman Empire

The crisis of the third century from 235 to 284 AD was a period of military anarchy and witnessed the collapse of the Roman Empire. The empire witnesses numerous military, political, and economic crises in the form of barbarian invasions, civil wars, and hyperinflation. It was mainly due to the installation of Augustus that he failed to establish the government of the succession of emperors. Thus, no emperor was able to maintain the imperial position. This period ended with Diocletian, the Roman emperor of 284-305 AD who was a skilled administrator during the crisis. Diocletian became Roman emperor after defeating Carinus. During the reign of Diocletian, the Roman Empire was unified under the Tetrarchy. There were several administrative changes from Diocletian to Constantine. These changes, however, had begun long before the reign of Diocletian. The Roman Empire was relatively at rest and at peace despite the war for imperial succession and numerous civil wars. The reign of Augustus is also called Pax Romana. The time period during Diocletian's reign witnessed imperial immortality and ancestry was transformed into identity. Thus, ancestry was now seen as a ruling principle and Diocletian and Maximian were seen as equals before the common audience (Nixon and Rodgers, 80). The Edict of Caracalla in 212 AD marked the beginning of various administrative changes that took place in the Roman Empire (Cameron, 50). In 212 AD the Edict of Carcalla was issued by Carcalla in the Roman Empire. The edict declared that all free men and women of the Roman Empire were entitled to Roman citizenship. The edict was a means of raising revenue and imposing taxes. Before the edict Roman citizenship was held in Italy. Thus, Carcalla was a...... means of paper......yed the administrative security of the frontiers set by Diocletian (Cameron, 53). Diocletian's reign strengthened the borders by participating in the repair of buildings and forts. Diocletian also managed to prevent the collapse of the Roman empire by introducing the tetrarchy and dividing the empire into provinces to govern it properly. Diocletian's reign was, therefore, a significant period in which the Roman Empire was unified amidst all the political, military and economic crisis. There was a constant threat of civil wars which Diocletian was able to address with his skillful administrative policies. It was also a time when the Roman Empire migrated from participation to dominance. Constantine, however, focused his administrative policy with religious sentiments in mind, and the influence of the church in matters of state further aggravated the issues.