Arguments against dualismIntroductionThe debate on the true nature of human beings, on the existence of free will and on the validity of science is centered on two philosophical theories; dualism and materialism. Under dualism, proponents believe that there are two types of matter that make up human beings: the physical presence and the non-physical mind or soul. Materialism on the one hand proposes that man and matter are the same thing and that therefore no other non-physical entity can exist. Materialism is one of the main theories that strongly oppose dualism. Arguments Against Dualism Before proceeding to criticize dualism, it is imperative to first understand the arguments that dualists advance regarding the exact nature of their theory. Descartes was one of the major supporters of this theory. Dualists generally believe that things exist or are composed of two different things or entities. Descartes believed that as far as human beings are concerned there were two attributes; the physical part that talks, walks and exists, the physical body that can be seen and empirically proven to exist and the mind or soul which is an entity that cannot be seen but is believed to exist. This is the autonomous part of the physical body. Descartes then went further to illustrate that humans or matter go about their business and follow their own laws until the mind/soul intervenes and interferes with the physical nature of humans. He therefore believed that the mind and body of human beings were therefore two distinct elements. Hobbes instead tried to rationalize philosophy using dualism. He proposed that to understand societies it was necessary to understand what the paper was at the time, but this was later proven false. Why is Descartes' reason so infallible that his reasoning can be taken as absolute truth? The criticisms involved in both dualism and materialism, since some of them exist, cannot be considered integral truths. Dependence would only emerge where philosophers combined aspects of each theory while leaving out their flaws. For example, it would be productive for dualists to be empirical with their assertions instead of simply stating their beliefs without any evidential support. As for materialists, they should focus not simply on criticism, supporting their criticisms with concrete evidence. The best method would be the scientific approach where theorists would place emphasis on acquiring concepts and acquiring evidence to support them. This would exclude the possibility of questioning the truth of a matter