The degree of force used by officers is heavily influenced by police discretion in real-world situations rather than espoused by a given agenda. Discretion can be classified into four different categories where administrators, the community, and the individual police officer exert varying degrees of influence in the decision-making process. What is needed to aid agent discretion is a central ethic that guides discretion when all other rules fail. Normal force is distinct from legal and brutal force (Hunt, 1985). Legal force is taught at the police academy. It concerns the ability to subdue, restrain and control a suspect if the officer is threatened with serious bodily harm. Lawful force also includes the use of deadly force if justified. Normal force is learned when the officer takes to the streets and is conditioned to acquire more effective weapons, which produce more harm to the suspect. In the academy recruits are taught not to hit a person on the head or neck due to their vulnerability, but on the street officers must hit the suspect wherever possible to control him. Peer approval further justifies this treatment. Therefore, when police use the necessary amount of force, they are not held accountable for a necessary increase, but will in fact be looked down upon by fellow officers if a rookie does not show the necessary aggression. Police use discretion by weighing costs and benefits. of each situation (Wilson, 1968). The utility of their choice is much more important than obedience to one's duty or morality. Therefore, when normal force is explained, it is done under the guise of justifiability. To recap, normal force is simply force used at the discretion of the police and which is neither legally taught nor brutal (Hunt, 1985). Normal force is justified by taking responsibility for one's actions, but denying that they were wrong due to situational or abstract events. Other times officers use excuses for using normal force and acknowledge that their use of force is inappropriate. They will remember emotional or psychological states as the reason for such inappropriate actions. Police discretion is structured and controlled by the type of situation the police face (Wilson, 1968). Wilson (1968) outlines four different situations. Law enforcement invoked by the police, law enforcement invoked by citizens, maintenance of order invoked by the police and maintenance of order invoked by citizens. In police-invoked law enforcement, police initiate actions against crimes that usually have no victims (Wilson, 1968).